NURSING EXAM PORTAL

CHOLESTEROL LDL HDL

Cholesterol can,t dissolve in the blood. it has to be transported to and from the cells by carries called lipoproteins.Low Density Lipoprotein,or LDL, is Known as "Bad" Cholesterol. High- density Lipoprotein or HDL, IS KNOWN AS "GOOD" Cholesterol.

LDL/LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN:-
When too much LDL(BAD) cholesterol circulates in blood, it can slowly build up in the inner wals of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, if a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, heat attack or stroke can result.
HDL/HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN:-
About 1/4 th to 1/3 cholesterol carried by HDL. HDL cholesterol is known as GOOD cholesterol,because high levels of HDL seem to protect against heat attack.Low levels of HDL <40 mg/dl also increase to risk of heart disease.
                                                                                                                     
Normal lab values:-
LDL:-<100 mg/dl
HDL:->50 mg/dl                                                                                                      source-vikaspedia

BLOOD SAMPLING VIAL

As we Know there are many types of blood tubes used for lab investigations.
1.Black Top Tube:- Sodium Citrate 20% used as anticoagulant for test ESR.
2.Purple Top Tube:-EDTA(Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid) used as Anticoagulant for test Hb,CBC.
3.Red Top Tube:-Plain vial Contains in vial Blood coagulate result in Serum (take one Hour)
4.Green Top Tube:-small sillica beadsplasma used for biochemistry investigation like renal,electrolytes,ammonia.
5.Grey Top Tube:-Tube contains Fluoride oxalate. that inhibits glycolysis used for test Glucose.
6.Red Top Tube:-contains clot activator like small sillica beads for speed up coagulation.(take 20 min.)
7.Yellow Top Tube:-contains small silica beads with separator gel resulting sample serum.
8.Blue Top Tube:-Sodium Citrate 10% used Coagulation investigation like PT-INR,APTT. 

General Awareness 

GA important notes for all staff nurse exam like railway,esic or other to download notes as pdf click on part I below given link Part second published on 19/2/2019.
PART I

HEALTH DAYS

source www.rajswasthya.nic

ANTIDOTE AND DRUG OF CHOICE PROPHYLAXIS(Dx/Px):-

CISPLATIN

Cisplatin is thought to act by producing inter-strand and cross-links of cellular DNA in a similar manner  to bifunctional ALKYLATING AGENTS. It does not appear to be cell-cycle specific.

Half life :-25 to 49 minutes and terminal half life of 58 to 73 hours was calculated.

INDICATIONS:-METASTATIC TESTICULAR TUMORS
                            METASTATIC OVARIAN TUMOR
                           ADVANCED BLADDER CA

CONTRAINDICATION:-HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CISPLATIN OF OTHER Pt contains.
                                           pregnancy
                                            laction
                                              renal impairment
                                                hearing impirment
                                                  myelosuppression

ADMINISTRATION:-
NIDDLE OR INTRAVENOUS SETS CONTAINING ALUMINUM PARTS THAT MAY COME IN CONTACT WITH CISPLATIN SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR PREPARATION OR ADMINISTRATION. ALUMINUM REACTS WITH CISPLATIN CAUSING PERCIPITATE FORMATION AND A LOSS OF POTENCY.

DRUG INTERACTIONS:- Live vaccines (contraindicated)
                                                aspirin and alcohol (GI bleeding chances)
                                                   with ototoxic and nephrotoxic durgs.